Predictors of Post-Operative Functional Outcomes Following Total Knee Replacement

Abstract

Background: Total knee replacement (TKR) is an effective surgical intervention for advanced knee osteoarthritis, providing substantial pain relief and functional improvement. However, postoperative recovery varies among patients due to demographic, clinical, and preoperative functional factors. Identifying predictors of functional outcomes may help optimize patient selection and rehabilitation strategies.

Objectives: To evaluate postoperative functional outcomes following total knee replacement and identify demographic and clinical factors associated with functional recovery.

Methods: This prospective observational study included 90 patients undergoing primary total knee replacement for advanced knee osteoarthritis. Demographic characteristics, body mass index (BMI), comorbidities, radiographic severity, and preoperative knee range of motion were assessed. Functional outcomes were evaluated using the Knee Society Score (KSS), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and knee flexion measurements at baseline, six weeks, three months, and six months postoperatively.

Results: The majority of patients were females (64.4%), and 42.2% belonged to the 60–69-year age group. The mean Knee Society Knee Score improved from 42.6 ± 10.4 to 86.8 ± 8.6, while the Function Score increased from 38.4 ± 11.2 to 82.6 ± 10.3 (p<0.001). Mean VAS pain score decreased from 7.6 ± 1.1 to 1.8 ± 0.9. At six months, 84.4% achieved good-to-excellent functional outcomes. Younger age, lower BMI, absence of diabetes, and better preoperative knee flexion showed favorable descriptive associations with postoperative function.

Conclusion: Total knee replacement demonstrated substantial functional improvement and pain reduction. Preoperative clinical assessment and optimization of modifiable risk factors may help improve postoperative recovery and patient outcomes.