International Journal of Pharmacy Research & Technology (IJPRT)

Flipped Classroom Model Versus Conventional Teaching in Neurology Clerkship: A Comparative Randomized Study

2025-06-16T10:19:48+03:00

A randomized prospective study evaluated the educational impact of a flipped-classroom (FC)model versus conventional didactic teaching in a 4-week neurology clerkship among 104 medicalstudents. Participants were randomized to FC (n = 49)—comprising pre-class videos, readings

Assessing Long-Term Efficacy and Recurrence Rates of Endovenous Laser Therapy Compared to Surgical Stripping for Varicose Veins

2025-06-16T10:25:51+03:00

A prospective randomized controlled trial evaluated long-term efficacy and varicose veinrecurrence in adults treated with endovenous laser therapy (EVLT; n = 100) versus surgicalstripping (SS; n = 100) of the great saphenous

Evaluation of Fecal Calprotectin as a Non-Invasive Marker of Disease Activity in Ulcerative Colitis

2025-06-16T10:29:48+03:00

A cross-sectional analysis assessed the diagnostic accuracy of fecal calprotectin (FC) in 200ulcerative colitis (UC) patients undergoing surveillance colonoscopy. FC levels were comparedwith Mayo endoscopic subscore

Comparative Outcomes of Catheter Ablation and Antiarrhythmic Drugs in Elderly Patients with Atrial Fibrillation

2025-06-16T10:32:56+03:00

In a prospective cohort of 400 elderly patients (≥70 years) with symptomatic atrial fibrillation(AF), 200 underwent catheter ablation

Pyrazoline Derivatives: Potential Therapeutic Agents against Parkinson's disease

2025-06-23T10:25:35+03:00

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that results in the gradual death of dopaminergic neurons in the human brain, leading to both motor impairment and a variety of non-motor symptoms. Pyrazoline is a heterocyclic compound known for its pharmacological spectrum and anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties. Recent studies have highlighted its potential in modulating key pathways involved in PD, such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation, all of which are central to the progression of Parkinson's disease. These derivatives have shown promise in preclinical models by mitigating neuronal damage and preserving motor function, making them attractive candidates for further research. This review included the background on Parkinson’s disease, current treatment options, common synthetic route of Pyrazoline ring, current medicines used for the treatment of PD, and recent studies done on Pyrazoline ring as anti-Parkinson's.

Antibiotic Resistance Patterns in Pediatric and Adult Urinary Tract Infections

2025-06-24T20:32:28+03:00

Antimicrobial resistance in urinary tract infections (UTIs) poses a major challenge to effectivetreatment across age groups. This cross-sectional study examined resistance patterns in 240patients (120 pediatric, age 1–17; 120 adult, age 18–75) presenting with culture-confirmed UTIs.

Clinical Outcomes of Resorbable vs. Titanium Plates in Mandibular Fracture Fixation: A Prospective RCT

2025-06-24T20:35:23+03:00

A prospective randomized controlled trial compared clinical outcomes of resorbable versus
titanium plate fixation in mandibular fractures among 100 adult patients (aged 18–60 years) with
symphyseal or angle fractures

Forensic Investigation of Drowning, Biochemical Markers and Diatom Testing for Confirming Cause of Death. A cross-sectional study

2025-06-24T20:38:36+03:00

A cross-sectional forensic study evaluated the utility of biochemical markers (serum surfactant D,NT-proBNP, D-dimer) and diatom quantification for confirming drowning as the cause of death.Eighty postmortem cases were investigated

Assessment of Patient Satisfaction and Pain Control in Regional Anaesthesia with and Without Sedation During Orthopaedic Procedures

2025-06-24T20:41:28+03:00

A randomized controlled trial evaluated 180 adults undergoing elective distal-limb orthopaedicsurgery under regional anaesthesia (RA) with sedation (n=90) versus RA without sedation (n=90).Primary outcomes were patient satisfaction

Association of Serum Adiponectin and Leptin Levels with Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2025-06-24T20:44:27+03:00

Emerging evidence implicates adiponectin and leptin in glucose homeostasis and metabolicregulation among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The present experimentalstudy investigated their association with glycemic control in a cross-sectional cohort of 120 adult

Salivary Alkaline Phosphatase as a Non-Invasive Biomarker in Early Detection of Oral Submucous Fibrosis

2025-06-26T12:53:45+03:00

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a chronic precancerous condition marked by progressive fibrosis
of the oral mucosa and restricted mouth opening. Early detection

Visual Recovery Following Primary Corneal Tear Repair in Penetrating Ocular Trauma: A Prospective Observational Study

2025-06-26T13:07:56+03:00

Penetrating ocular trauma frequently results in corneal tears requiring urgent globe repair topreserve anatomical integrity and visual function. This study investigates the visual outcomesfollowing corneal tear repair in patients presenting with penetrating eye trauma.

A Randomized Trial on the Efficacy of Topical Estrogen vs. Vaginal Laser Therapy for Postmenopausal Vaginal Atrophy and Urinary Incontinence

2025-06-26T13:26:50+03:00

A randomized controlled trial evaluated the efficacy of topical estrogen (TE) versus fractional CO₂
vaginal laser therapy (VLT) in treating postmenopausal vaginal atrophy (PVA) and urinary
incontinence (UI). One hundred twenty postmenopausal women

Visual Outcomes of Keratoprosthesis Versus Keratoplasty in Infective and Degenerative Corneal Opacifying Disorders

2025-06-26T13:32:11+03:00

Infective and degenerative corneal opacities compromise visual acuity and pose therapeuticchallenges. This experimental comparative study evaluated visual outcomes of keratoprosthesis

Comparative Study of Analgesic and Haemodynamic Spectrum Of 0.5% Ropivacaine Vs 0.5% Levobupivacaine in Ultrasonography Guided Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block

2025-06-27T10:12:59+03:00

Background: Regional anesthesia via peripheral nerve blocks is widely used for providing effective intraoperative and postoperative analgesia in upper limb surgeries. The supraclavicular brachial plexus block offers reliable anesthesia for such procedures. Newer local anesthetics such as levobupivacaine and ropivacaine have been introduced to reduce cardiotoxicity concerns associated with bupivacaine while maintaining efficacy. This study aims to compare the analgesic efficacy and hemodynamic effects of 0.5% levobupivacaine versus 0.5% ropivacaine in ultrasound-guided supraclavicular brachial plexus blocks. Methods: A prospective, randomized, double-blind comparative study was conducted on 60 ASA grade I and II patients aged 20–60 years undergoing elective upper limb surgery. Patients were randomized into two groups: Group L received 0.5% levobupivacaine, and Group R received 0.5% ropivacaine via ultrasound-guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block. The onset and duration of sensory and motor blockade, time to first rescue analgesia, and intraoperative hemodynamic parameters (heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation) were recorded and analyzed. Results: Group L (levobupivacaine) demonstrated significantly earlier onset of sensory (11.13 ± 1.00 min) and motor blockade (13.20 ± 1.12 min) compared to Group R (ropivacaine) with sensory onset of 13.60 ± 0.81 min and motor onset of 15.60 ± 0.81 min (p=0.0001). Duration of both sensory and motor blockade was longer in Group L. Time to first rescue analgesia was also significantly prolonged in Group L (11.80 ± 0.40 hours) versus Group R (10.20 ± 0.55 hours) (p=0.0001). Hemodynamic parameters remained stable and comparable between groups throughout the study with no significant adverse events. Conclusions: 0.5% levobupivacaine provides faster onset, longer duration of sensory and motor blockade, and prolonged postoperative analgesia compared to 0.5% ropivacaine in ultrasound-guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block, without significant hemodynamic compromise. Levobupivacaine is thus an effective and safe option for upper limb regional anesthesia.

Anatomical Variations of Renal Vessels- A Cadaveric Study with Clinical Relevance

2025-07-01T12:19:01+03:00

Introduction: Blood supply to the kidneys is characterized by more frequent presence of variations in arteries and veins supplying them. Normally each kidney is supplied by single renal artery and drained by single renal vein. Variation in the number, origin, pathway and branching pattern of renal arteries is common. Frequently seen anatomical variation is additional renal artery. Aim: To identify the presence of variations of renal vessels in the human cadavers. Material and methods: An observational cadaveric study was conducted on 80 kidneys from 40 formalin-fixed human cadavers from 2019 to 2025 in the Department of Anatomy, Chalmeda Anandarao institute of medical sciences, Karimnagar, Telangana, India. The number of cadavers showing variations of renal vessels was determined. Results: The study included 80 kidneys from 40 formalin-fixed human cadavers. Eight (20%) cadavers were found to have variations in renal vessels while 32 (80%) cadavers show presence of single renal vessel going to each kidney. The double renal artery variations were present bilaterally in 01 (2.5%) cadaver and aberrant renal artery in 02 (5%) cadavers but both are in left side. The superior polar artery was present in 01 (2.5%) cadaver right side and inferior polar artery was present in 01 (2.5%) cadaver left side. Early divisions of renal artery were present in 2 (5%) cadavers. Accessory renal vein were present in right side 1 (2.5%) cadaver. Conclusion: Variations of renal vessels supplying to the kidneys it is necessary to have prior knowledge of them as now a day’s more number of patients is undergoing renal transplants, angiography procedures. The knowledge of these variations is also useful for treatment of renal trauma and tumors.

Foix–Chavany Marie syndrome-A rare entity

2025-07-02T14:13:55+03:00

Foix–Chavany Marie syndrome (FCMS), is a rare cortical type of pseudobulbar palsy that results in paralysis of orofaciopharyngeal muscles, wwhilethe autonomic, involuntary, and reflexive functions of the above muscles are preserved. Here we present a case of 65-year-old right-handed male patient presented with sudden inability to speak and swallow, or move the tongue, along with difficulty in chewing. While his verbal and reading comprehension were intact, and he communicated through writing and gestures. Neurological examination showed preserved pupillary and corneal reflexes, normal extraocular movements, and loss of voluntary facial and tongue motor control. Early recognition and comprehensive management, including supportive therapy and addressing underlying conditions, are paramount for optimising patient outcomes.

Exploring Skin Manifestations in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Cross-sectional Analysis.

2025-07-03T08:58:57+03:00

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex multisystem metabolic disorder thatsignificantly affects fertility and overall quality of life. Cutaneous manifestations suchas acne, hirsutism, androgenetic alopecia,

A STUDY OF GROWTH PARAMETERS IN THE BABIES BORN TO HYPOTHYROID MOTHERS

2025-07-03T09:49:31+03:00

Background: Normal maternal thyroid function is crucial for fetal growth andneurocognitive development. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a multifactorialcondition resulting from maternal, placental, or fetal factors. Any imbalance in maternalthyroid function may adversely affect both mother and fetus.

Sustainable Development, Green Chemistry, and Its Applications

2025-07-03T14:25:05+03:00

Green chemistry (GC)–the design of chemical processes that reduce or eliminate hazardous substances – provides a framework for achieving sustainable development in industry and technology. This review summarizes recent advances (2020–2024) and emerging trends in green chemistry, highlighting how new catalysts, solvents, and biotechnologies are enabling cleaner processes. Key topics include alternative solvents (water, supercritical CO₂, ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents), novel catalysts (metal, photocatalytic, and biocatalytic systems), and renewable feedstocks (biomass, CO₂). We discuss case studies such as plant-based PET (“Plant Bottle”) and biodegradable polymers, and note how industry adoption of GC principles has already reduced waste and emissions. We also examine current challenges – economic, regulatory, and technical barriers that slow implementation – and outline future directions (AI-driven process design, electrification of synthesis, circular economy). The content is presented for an audience of chemistry and environmental science students, with references to recent literature.

A Case Controlled Trial Comparing Biologic Therapy vs. Immunomodulators in Moderate-to-Severe Crohn’s Disease

2025-07-05T12:09:02+03:00

Moderate-to-severe Crohn’s disease (CD) remains therapeutically challenging, with escalatingcosts and variable outcomes between biologic and immunomodulator (IMM) strategies. Thepresent case-controlled trial enrolled 120 adult patients with active

Visual outcomes of medical and surgical modalities in secondary glaucomas (inflammatory vs pigmentary) compared to primary open-angle glaucoma. A multi-factorial comparative study

2025-07-05T12:12:43+03:00

Secondary glaucomas, particularly inflammatory glaucoma (IG) and pigmentary glaucoma (PG),demonstrate greater clinical variability and treatment complexity compared to primary open-angleglaucoma (POAG). This prospective, multifactorial cohort study

A Histological Study of Myocardial Fiber Disruption and Serum CK-MB in Ischemic Heart Disease

2025-07-05T12:17:32+03:00

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) precipitates disruption of myocardial fiber integrity and elevatesserum creatine kinase–MB (CK-MB), yet precise correlation remains underexplored. In thisexperimental study, myocardial biopsy specimens from 60 adult patients undergoing coronaryartery bypass grafting were compared

Efficacy of Bile Acid Sequestrants in Treating Bile Acid Diarrhea: A Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled RCT

2025-07-05T12:22:03+03:00

A double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial evaluated the efficacy of colesevelam1.875 g twice daily in adults with bile-acid diarrhea (BAD) confirmed by SeHCAT retention≤10 %. Eighty participants were randomized

Assessment of Pulp Vitality Using Pulse Oxymetry Versus Electric Pulp Testing in Traumatized Teeth

2025-07-05T12:26:06+03:00

A randomized clinical trial evaluated diagnostic accuracy of pulse oximetry (PO) versus electricpulp testing (EPT) in 80 traumatized permanent incisors. Participants were randomized to testingat 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months post-trauma. Primary outcomes included pulp vitality status

Assessing the Benefits of Mobile Application-Based Psychoeducation for Patients with Schizophrenia: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2025-07-05T12:28:34+03:00

A randomized controlled trial evaluated the efficacy of a mobile application–basedpsychoeducation program for improving treatment adherence and symptom management among120 adult patients with schizophrenia. Participants were allocated to either the interventiongroup—receiving eight weeks of daily

Evaluation of Idiopathic Late Onset Nephrotic Syndrome in Children

2025-07-07T08:47:45+03:00

Introduction: Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome is defined by the combination of a nephrotic syndrome (proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema) and non-specific histological abnormalities of the kidney. The prevalence of NS is estimated at 2 to 7 per 100,000 children around the world. Children between 2 to 7 years of age get affected by this condition more often, particularly boys.

Materials and Methods: A Retrospective study of hospital records. Case sheets of children admitted in department of pediatrics, Government General Hospital, Kurnool with nephrotic children above the age of 10 years From January 2020 to December 2024. Children aged more than 10 years at onset fulfilled in the diagnostic criteria for nephrotic syndrome were included in the study. Secondary causes of nephrotic syndrome. (eg:SLE, Hepatitis B/C, Diabetic mellitus) were excluded from the study. Clinical data including age at onset, gender, presenting sympotoms and laboratory findings will be recorded histopathlogical finding will be categorized. Treatment response to steroids will be evaluated.

Results: The study included 108 children who were followed for a minimum duration of one year. The mean (±sd) age of the population was 13.3 (±1.4) years. The gender distribution of the population was males accounting for 66.7% and females at 33.3%. Hypertension was observed in 8(14.8%). Haematuria in microscopy was found in 28 (51.9%) study participants. Anti-Nuclear Antibodies investigation was done for 50 children and only 3(5.6%) were found to be positive. After the six weeks of steroidal therapy complete remission was found in 58 (53.7%) participants. No remission and partial remission were observed in 26 (24.1%) and 24 (22.2%) members of the study population respectively. Based on the response to steroidal therapy the participants were diagnostically classified as SRNS in 52 (48.1%) children followed SSNS in 50 (46.29%) children.

Conclusion: In our study most of the patients were diagnosed with SRNS and SSNS, and most common histological findings were MCNS, MES HC, FSGS and MESPGN. Late onset NS has higher frequency of atypical features, steroid resistance, and histopathology showing lesions other than MCD. Early biopsy may be useful guide to management.

ESOPHAGEAL LEIOMYOSARCOMA PRESENTING WITH RECURRENT LARYNGEAL NERVE PALSY AND GREAT VESSEL ENCASEMENT: A CASE REPORT

2025-07-08T12:22:34+03:00

Background: Esophageal leiomyosarcoma is an extremely rare malignancy of the esophagus of esophageal tumors) and typically presents with dysphagia and weight loss in middleaged or older patients. Hoarseness of voice due to recurrent laryngeal

Histomorphological Evaluation of Vitamin E’s Protective Role Against Bisphenol A-Induced Testicular Toxicity in Wistar Rats

2025-07-08T15:05:19+03:00

Bisphenol A (BPA) exposure has been broadly implicated in male reproductive dysfunction,primarily via oxidative damage to testicular tissues. This experimental study aimed to evaluatetesticular histomorphological alterations induced

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TARLEKAR’S ABHYANGA NASO LACRIMAL SNAN (BATH) VERSUS LACRIMAL SAC SYRINGING AFTER ENDONASAL DACRYOCYSTORHINOSTOMY (DCR)

2025-07-08T16:20:46+03:00

Background: Endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) is a widely performed surgery fornasolacrimal duct obstruction. Postoperative care typically involves lacrimal sac syringing tomaintain ostium patency, but this can be uncomfortable and requires

EVALUATION OF THE EFFICACY OF BUPIVACAINE WITH CLONIDINE IN BILATERAL SUPERFICIAL CERVICAL PLEXUS BLOCK FOR THYROID SURGERY- A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY

2025-07-08T16:25:04+03:00

Background: Effective postoperative pain management is crucial for patients undergoingthyroid surgery to improve recovery and satisfaction. Systemic opioids, a traditional methodfor pain relief, are often associated with adverse effects like nausea, respiratory depression, andvomiting. A superficial cervical plexus block offers an alternative by providing targeted pain

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF INTRAVENOUS PARACETAMOL AND TRAMADOL IN MANAGEMENT OF POST-OPERATIVE ANALGESIA IN PERCUTANEOUS NEPHROLITHOTOMY- RANDOMIZED CLINICAL STUDY

2025-07-09T09:40:19+03:00

Postoperative pain is a critical aspect of surgical recovery, especially inprocedures like percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), where inadequate pain managementcan delay healing and increase complications. Common analgesics such as intravenous