International Journal of Pharmacy Research & Technology (IJPRT)
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<p><strong>International Journal of Pharmacy Research & Technology (IJPRT) </strong>an International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research & Technology <strong>(ISSN - 2250–0944) (P-ISSN 2250-1150) NLM ID: NLM ID:<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog/?term=101751838">101751838</a> </strong> (An official publication of <em>Advanced Scientific Research</em>) is established in the year 2009. </p> <p>The aim of the <strong>International Journal of Pharmacy Research & Technology (IJPRT) </strong>is to become an effective medium for inspiring the researchers to bring out their contributions in the form of research papers, articles, case studies, review articles and in the fields of Pharmacy, Medical sciences and Science and technology. The dissemination would thus help the industries, professional organisations to adopt and apply the information for creating new knowledge and enterprise. The publication would also help in enhancing awareness about the need to become research minded.</p> <p>All articles published in the journal will be freely available to scientific researchers to all over the globe. We will be making sincere efforts to promote our journal across the world in various ways. It is hoped that this journal will act as a common platform for researchers to pursue their objectives.</p>IJPRTen-USInternational Journal of Pharmacy Research & Technology (IJPRT)2250-1150Flipped Classroom Model Versus Conventional Teaching in Neurology Clerkship: A Comparative Randomized Study
https://www.ijprt.org/index.php/pub/article/view/602
<p>A randomized prospective study evaluated the educational impact of a flipped-classroom (FC)model versus conventional didactic teaching in a 4-week neurology clerkship among 104 medicalstudents. Participants were randomized to FC (n = 49)—comprising pre-class videos, readings</p>Muhammad Nadeem Shafique, Bushra Owais Muhammad Yawar Khan, Saleem Adil, Attia Sheikh, Asma Siddiqui, Farah Naz Tahir
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2025-06-162025-06-1615216Assessing Long-Term Efficacy and Recurrence Rates of Endovenous Laser Therapy Compared to Surgical Stripping for Varicose Veins
https://www.ijprt.org/index.php/pub/article/view/603
<p>A prospective randomized controlled trial evaluated long-term efficacy and varicose veinrecurrence in adults treated with endovenous laser therapy (EVLT; n = 100) versus surgicalstripping (SS; n = 100) of the great saphenous</p>Devishi Sarin, Muhammad Tariq Bashir, Inayat Husain Anjum Muhammad Asif, Syed Irfan Raza Arif, Junaid Hassan
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2025-06-162025-06-16152712Evaluation of Fecal Calprotectin as a Non-Invasive Marker of Disease Activity in Ulcerative Colitis
https://www.ijprt.org/index.php/pub/article/view/604
<p>A cross-sectional analysis assessed the diagnostic accuracy of fecal calprotectin (FC) in 200ulcerative colitis (UC) patients undergoing surveillance colonoscopy. FC levels were comparedwith Mayo endoscopic subscore</p>Zahoor Ahmed Shah, Syed Osama Talat Jalal Khan, Abdul Sadiq, Shahzad Latif, Syed Ehsanullah, Farah Naz Tahir
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2025-06-162025-06-161521317Comparative Outcomes of Catheter Ablation and Antiarrhythmic Drugs in Elderly Patients with Atrial Fibrillation
https://www.ijprt.org/index.php/pub/article/view/605
<p>In a prospective cohort of 400 elderly patients (≥70 years) with symptomatic atrial fibrillation(AF), 200 underwent catheter ablation</p>Zahoor Ahmed Shah, Hafiz Muhammad Shafique, Atif Imran, Zain ul Abideen, Asim Saif Ahmad, Muhammad Zarrar Arif Butt, Farah Naz Tahir
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2025-06-162025-06-161521822Pyrazoline Derivatives: Potential Therapeutic Agents against Parkinson's disease
https://www.ijprt.org/index.php/pub/article/view/626
<p>Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that results in the gradual death of dopaminergic neurons in the human brain, leading to both motor impairment and a variety of non-motor symptoms. Pyrazoline is a heterocyclic compound known for its pharmacological spectrum and anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties. Recent studies have highlighted its potential in modulating key pathways involved in PD, such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation, all of which are central to the progression of Parkinson's disease. These derivatives have shown promise in preclinical models by mitigating neuronal damage and preserving motor function, making them attractive candidates for further research. This review included the background on Parkinson’s disease, current treatment options, common synthetic route of Pyrazoline ring, current medicines used for the treatment of PD, and recent studies done on Pyrazoline ring as anti-Parkinson's.</p>Bidhyut Kumar DubeyJyoti AnuragAvinash Chandra TripathiMohini ChaurasiaMohammad Asif
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2025-06-202025-06-201522335Antibiotic Resistance Patterns in Pediatric and Adult Urinary Tract Infections
https://www.ijprt.org/index.php/pub/article/view/634
<p>Antimicrobial resistance in urinary tract infections (UTIs) poses a major challenge to effectivetreatment across age groups. This cross-sectional study examined resistance patterns in 240patients (120 pediatric, age 1–17; 120 adult, age 18–75) presenting with culture-confirmed UTIs.</p>Aqsa Rashid, Jalal Khan, Zahoor Ahmed Shah, Khowla Rabbani, Tahir Shahzad Nawaz Babar, Syed Hasan Farooq, Farah Naz Tahir
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2025-06-242025-06-241523642Clinical Outcomes of Resorbable vs. Titanium Plates in Mandibular Fracture Fixation: A Prospective RCT
https://www.ijprt.org/index.php/pub/article/view/635
<p>A prospective randomized controlled trial compared clinical outcomes of resorbable versus <br>titanium plate fixation in mandibular fractures among 100 adult patients (aged 18–60 years) with <br>symphyseal or angle fractures</p>Rabia Naseer, Abdul Manan Shahid, Palwasha Ishaque, Zainab Khalid, Muhammad Azeem Khan, Amna Hassan, Farah Naz Tahir
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2025-06-242025-06-241524349Forensic Investigation of Drowning, Biochemical Markers and Diatom Testing for Confirming Cause of Death. A cross-sectional study
https://www.ijprt.org/index.php/pub/article/view/636
<p>A cross-sectional forensic study evaluated the utility of biochemical markers (serum surfactant D,NT-proBNP, D-dimer) and diatom quantification for confirming drowning as the cause of death.Eighty postmortem cases were investigated </p>Ume Kalsoom Asiya Fazal Farhat Sultana, Wasiq Ahmed Mansoora Mirza, Muhammad Anwar Sibtain Fazli
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2025-06-242025-06-241525054Assessment of Patient Satisfaction and Pain Control in Regional Anaesthesia with and Without Sedation During Orthopaedic Procedures
https://www.ijprt.org/index.php/pub/article/view/637
<p>A randomized controlled trial evaluated 180 adults undergoing elective distal-limb orthopaedicsurgery under regional anaesthesia (RA) with sedation (n=90) versus RA without sedation (n=90).Primary outcomes were patient satisfaction</p>Furqan Akram, Fareed Naeem, Usman Zeeshan³, Gul Sher, Mohammad Baqir Ali Khan, Ali Kashif, Farah Naz Tahir
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2025-06-242025-06-241525559Association of Serum Adiponectin and Leptin Levels with Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
https://www.ijprt.org/index.php/pub/article/view/638
<p>Emerging evidence implicates adiponectin and leptin in glucose homeostasis and metabolicregulation among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The present experimentalstudy investigated their association with glycemic control in a cross-sectional cohort of 120 adult</p>Farhan Tariq, Jalal Khan, Mohammad Abid, Tashfeen Ikram Bushra Hussain, Syed Ehsan ullah, Farah Naz Tahir
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2025-06-242025-06-241526066Salivary Alkaline Phosphatase as a Non-Invasive Biomarker in Early Detection of Oral Submucous Fibrosis
https://www.ijprt.org/index.php/pub/article/view/645
<p>Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a chronic precancerous condition marked by progressive fibrosis <br>of the oral mucosa and restricted mouth opening. Early detection </p>Inam Ur Rehman, Muhammad Ahmed Saleem, Bhunesha Devi, Ikram Ullah,Anees Ur Rehman, Muhammad Azeem Khan
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2025-06-252025-06-251526773Visual Recovery Following Primary Corneal Tear Repair in Penetrating Ocular Trauma: A Prospective Observational Study
https://www.ijprt.org/index.php/pub/article/view/646
<p>Penetrating ocular trauma frequently results in corneal tears requiring urgent globe repair topreserve anatomical integrity and visual function. This study investigates the visual outcomesfollowing corneal tear repair in patients presenting with penetrating eye trauma.</p>Sana Shafqat, Fareeha Mirza, Tariq Pervaiz Khan, Fakhar Humayun, Muhammad Aamir Khan, Abdullah Humayun, Farah Naz Tahir
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2025-06-252025-06-251527482A Randomized Trial on the Efficacy of Topical Estrogen vs. Vaginal Laser Therapy for Postmenopausal Vaginal Atrophy and Urinary Incontinence
https://www.ijprt.org/index.php/pub/article/view/648
<p>A randomized controlled trial evaluated the efficacy of topical estrogen (TE) versus fractional CO₂ <br>vaginal laser therapy (VLT) in treating postmenopausal vaginal atrophy (PVA) and urinary <br>incontinence (UI). One hundred twenty postmenopausal women</p>Asma IhsanSidra ShafiqNishat AkramAqsa Tariq, Wajiha MehwishSaima Abid, Rahul Deb, Farah Naz Tahir
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2025-06-252025-06-251528387Visual Outcomes of Keratoprosthesis Versus Keratoplasty in Infective and Degenerative Corneal Opacifying Disorders
https://www.ijprt.org/index.php/pub/article/view/649
<p>Infective and degenerative corneal opacities compromise visual acuity and pose therapeuticchallenges. This experimental comparative study evaluated visual outcomes of keratoprosthesis</p>Fareeha Mirza, Sidrah Latif, Anaam Rehman, Fakhar Humayun, Tariq Pervaiz Khan, Muhammad Imran Ali
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2025-06-252025-06-251528894Comparative Study of Analgesic and Haemodynamic Spectrum Of 0.5% Ropivacaine Vs 0.5% Levobupivacaine in Ultrasonography Guided Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block
https://www.ijprt.org/index.php/pub/article/view/656
<p>Background: Regional anesthesia via peripheral nerve blocks is widely used for providing effective intraoperative and postoperative analgesia in upper limb surgeries. The supraclavicular brachial plexus block offers reliable anesthesia for such procedures. Newer local anesthetics such as levobupivacaine and ropivacaine have been introduced to reduce cardiotoxicity concerns associated with bupivacaine while maintaining efficacy. This study aims to compare the analgesic efficacy and hemodynamic effects of 0.5% levobupivacaine versus 0.5% ropivacaine in ultrasound-guided supraclavicular brachial plexus blocks. Methods: A prospective, randomized, double-blind comparative study was conducted on 60 ASA grade I and II patients aged 20–60 years undergoing elective upper limb surgery. Patients were randomized into two groups: Group L received 0.5% levobupivacaine, and Group R received 0.5% ropivacaine via ultrasound-guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block. The onset and duration of sensory and motor blockade, time to first rescue analgesia, and intraoperative hemodynamic parameters (heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation) were recorded and analyzed. Results: Group L (levobupivacaine) demonstrated significantly earlier onset of sensory (11.13 ± 1.00 min) and motor blockade (13.20 ± 1.12 min) compared to Group R (ropivacaine) with sensory onset of 13.60 ± 0.81 min and motor onset of 15.60 ± 0.81 min (p=0.0001). Duration of both sensory and motor blockade was longer in Group L. Time to first rescue analgesia was also significantly prolonged in Group L (11.80 ± 0.40 hours) versus Group R (10.20 ± 0.55 hours) (p=0.0001). Hemodynamic parameters remained stable and comparable between groups throughout the study with no significant adverse events. Conclusions: 0.5% levobupivacaine provides faster onset, longer duration of sensory and motor blockade, and prolonged postoperative analgesia compared to 0.5% ropivacaine in ultrasound-guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block, without significant hemodynamic compromise. Levobupivacaine is thus an effective and safe option for upper limb regional anesthesia.</p>Yogini Ramdas AdhauBenhur PremendranPradeep DhandeSucheta Tidke
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2025-06-142025-06-1415294104Anatomical Variations of Renal Vessels- A Cadaveric Study with Clinical Relevance
https://www.ijprt.org/index.php/pub/article/view/659
<p>Introduction: Blood supply to the kidneys is characterized by more frequent presence of variations in arteries and veins supplying them. Normally each kidney is supplied by single renal artery and drained by single renal vein. Variation in the number, origin, pathway and branching pattern of renal arteries is common. Frequently seen anatomical variation is additional renal artery. Aim: To identify the presence of variations of renal vessels in the human cadavers. Material and methods: An observational cadaveric study was conducted on 80 kidneys from 40 formalin-fixed human cadavers from 2019 to 2025 in the Department of Anatomy, Chalmeda Anandarao institute of medical sciences, Karimnagar, Telangana, India. The number of cadavers showing variations of renal vessels was determined. Results: The study included 80 kidneys from 40 formalin-fixed human cadavers. Eight (20%) cadavers were found to have variations in renal vessels while 32 (80%) cadavers show presence of single renal vessel going to each kidney. The double renal artery variations were present bilaterally in 01 (2.5%) cadaver and aberrant renal artery in 02 (5%) cadavers but both are in left side. The superior polar artery was present in 01 (2.5%) cadaver right side and inferior polar artery was present in 01 (2.5%) cadaver left side. Early divisions of renal artery were present in 2 (5%) cadavers. Accessory renal vein were present in right side 1 (2.5%) cadaver. Conclusion: Variations of renal vessels supplying to the kidneys it is necessary to have prior knowledge of them as now a day’s more number of patients is undergoing renal transplants, angiography procedures. The knowledge of these variations is also useful for treatment of renal trauma and tumors.</p>Dr Amudalapalli S NarayanaDr Kiran Kumar PDr Anitha T
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2025-07-012025-07-01152105112Foix–Chavany Marie syndrome-A rare entity
https://www.ijprt.org/index.php/pub/article/view/661
<p>Foix–Chavany Marie syndrome (FCMS), is a rare cortical type of pseudobulbar palsy that results in paralysis of orofaciopharyngeal muscles, wwhilethe autonomic, involuntary, and reflexive functions of the above muscles are preserved. Here we present a case of 65-year-old right-handed male patient presented with sudden inability to speak and swallow, or move the tongue, along with difficulty in chewing. While his verbal and reading comprehension were intact, and he communicated through writing and gestures. Neurological examination showed preserved pupillary and corneal reflexes, normal extraocular movements, and loss of voluntary facial and tongue motor control. Early recognition and comprehensive management, including supportive therapy and addressing underlying conditions, are paramount for optimising patient outcomes.</p>Dr.M.Deep TejeshDr. Uma M Anand KumarDr.Saranya MasilamaniDr.Avula Sasidhar Reddy
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2025-07-022025-07-02152113116Exploring Skin Manifestations in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Cross-sectional Analysis.
https://www.ijprt.org/index.php/pub/article/view/662
<p>Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex multisystem metabolic disorder thatsignificantly affects fertility and overall quality of life. Cutaneous manifestations suchas acne, hirsutism, androgenetic alopecia,</p>Savita Pannu Rathi, Punit Pratap, Pravesh Yadav
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2025-06-302025-06-30152117126A STUDY OF GROWTH PARAMETERS IN THE BABIES BORN TO HYPOTHYROID MOTHERS
https://www.ijprt.org/index.php/pub/article/view/664
<p>Background: Normal maternal thyroid function is crucial for fetal growth andneurocognitive development. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a multifactorialcondition resulting from maternal, placental, or fetal factors. Any imbalance in maternalthyroid function may adversely affect both mother and fetus.</p>Dr Rajesh Rathi, Dr Monica Deswal, Dr Savita Pannu Rathi
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2025-06-302025-06-30152127132Sustainable Development, Green Chemistry, and Its Applications
https://www.ijprt.org/index.php/pub/article/view/665
<p>Green chemistry (GC)–the design of chemical processes that reduce or eliminate hazardous substances – provides a framework for achieving sustainable development in industry and technology. This review summarizes recent advances (2020–2024) and emerging trends in green chemistry, highlighting how new catalysts, solvents, and biotechnologies are enabling cleaner processes. Key topics include alternative solvents (water, supercritical CO₂, ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents), novel catalysts (metal, photocatalytic, and biocatalytic systems), and renewable feedstocks (biomass, CO₂). We discuss case studies such as plant-based PET (“Plant Bottle”) and biodegradable polymers, and note how industry adoption of GC principles has already reduced waste and emissions. We also examine current challenges – economic, regulatory, and technical barriers that slow implementation – and outline future directions (AI-driven process design, electrification of synthesis, circular economy). The content is presented for an audience of chemistry and environmental science students, with references to recent literature.</p>Aleza RizviOmveer SinghSyed Shariq MianDesh Deepak PandeyRinkesh KumarRizwan Ul Hasan
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2025-07-032025-07-03152133142A Case Controlled Trial Comparing Biologic Therapy vs. Immunomodulators in Moderate-to-Severe Crohn’s Disease
https://www.ijprt.org/index.php/pub/article/view/667
<p>Moderate-to-severe Crohn’s disease (CD) remains therapeutically challenging, with escalatingcosts and variable outcomes between biologic and immunomodulator (IMM) strategies. Thepresent case-controlled trial enrolled 120 adult patients with active </p>Syed Osama Talat, Zahoor Ahmed Shah, Jahanzaib, Rakhshanda Naheed, Javeria Sarfraz, Javaria Zafar
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2025-06-302025-06-30152143150Visual outcomes of medical and surgical modalities in secondary glaucomas (inflammatory vs pigmentary) compared to primary open-angle glaucoma. A multi-factorial comparative study
https://www.ijprt.org/index.php/pub/article/view/668
<p>Secondary glaucomas, particularly inflammatory glaucoma (IG) and pigmentary glaucoma (PG),demonstrate greater clinical variability and treatment complexity compared to primary open-angleglaucoma (POAG). This prospective, multifactorial cohort study </p>Adeel Chaudhry, Fareeha Mirza, Tariq Pervaiz Khan, Fakhar Humayun, Fahd Kamal Akhtar, Muhammad Imran Ali
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2025-06-302025-06-30152151161A Histological Study of Myocardial Fiber Disruption and Serum CK-MB in Ischemic Heart Disease
https://www.ijprt.org/index.php/pub/article/view/669
<p>Ischemic heart disease (IHD) precipitates disruption of myocardial fiber integrity and elevatesserum creatine kinase–MB (CK-MB), yet precise correlation remains underexplored. In thisexperimental study, myocardial biopsy specimens from 60 adult patients undergoing coronaryartery bypass grafting were compared </p>Ahmad Farzad Qureshi, Nadia Ahmad, Uzma Hanif, Muhammad Shakil Sadiq, Muhammad Muneeb Ather, Waqas Iqbal
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2025-06-302025-06-30152162169Efficacy of Bile Acid Sequestrants in Treating Bile Acid Diarrhea: A Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled RCT
https://www.ijprt.org/index.php/pub/article/view/670
<p>A double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial evaluated the efficacy of colesevelam1.875 g twice daily in adults with bile-acid diarrhea (BAD) confirmed by SeHCAT retention≤10 %. Eighty participants were randomized </p>Muhammad Rehman Afzal, Syed Osama Talat, Jahanzaib, Mian Sajjad Ahmad, Shahzad Latif, Attiya Arif
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2025-06-302025-06-30152170180Assessment of Pulp Vitality Using Pulse Oxymetry Versus Electric Pulp Testing in Traumatized Teeth
https://www.ijprt.org/index.php/pub/article/view/671
<p>A randomized clinical trial evaluated diagnostic accuracy of pulse oximetry (PO) versus electricpulp testing (EPT) in 80 traumatized permanent incisors. Participants were randomized to testingat 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months post-trauma. Primary outcomes included pulp vitality status</p>Fatima Habib, Hafiz Muhammad Tufail,Syed Muhammad Hussain Zaidi, Fahad Salim KhanHammal Khan Naseer Baloch, Sadaf Raffi, Farah Naz Tahir
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2025-06-302025-06-30152181186Assessing the Benefits of Mobile Application-Based Psychoeducation for Patients with Schizophrenia: A Randomized Controlled Trial
https://www.ijprt.org/index.php/pub/article/view/672
<p>A randomized controlled trial evaluated the efficacy of a mobile application–basedpsychoeducation program for improving treatment adherence and symptom management among120 adult patients with schizophrenia. Participants were allocated to either the interventiongroup—receiving eight weeks of daily</p>Jalaluddin Rumi,Junaid Rasool,Azal Jodat , Naeem Amjad, Naila Islam Tahir, Syed Ahmed Mahmud
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2025-06-302025-06-30152187192