A Comparative Study of Lipid Profile and Blood Pressure Control in Hypertensive Patients with and Without Coronary Artery Disease

Abstract

Background: Both hypertension and dyslipidemia are important risk factors for cardiovascular disease and often appear in conjunction with one another, adding to the development and progression of coronary artery disease (CAD). Identification of differences in lipid profile characteristics and blood pressure control among hypertensive patients with and without CAD may assist in improving cardiovascular risk stratification and management.

Objective: To compare the lipid profile and blood pressure control in the hypertensive patients with and without coronary artery disease.

Methods: This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at Amna Inayat Medical College, Sheikhupura, Pakistan, and Government Kot Khawaja Saeed Teaching Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, from January 2024 to June 2025. A total of 120 hypertensive patients were enrolled and divided equally into two groups: hypertensive patients with documented CAD (n=60) and hypertensive patients without CAD (n=60). Demographic features, clinical parameters, blood pressure reading and fasting lipid profile were evaluated. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 26.0, and the statistical significance level was set at p<0.05.

Results: CAD patients had significantly longer duration of hypertension and significantly older age compared to the non CAD patients. Total cholesterol (223.8±35.7 vs. 191.2±30.4 mg/dL), LDL cholesterol (145.6±27.9 vs. 117.4±23.6 mg/dL), and triglyceride levels (190.4±48.3 vs. 154.6±41.5 mg/dL) were significantly higher in the CAD group (p<0.001). On the other hand, there were much lower levels of HDL in CAD patients (39.2±7.8 vs. 47.8±8.9 mg/dL, p<0.001). Only 43.3% of CAD patients achieved adequate blood pressure control compared to 70.0% of patients without CAD (p=0.003).

Conclusion: Hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease have significant differences in lipid profile compared to hypertensive patients without CAD and also have poorer BP control. Dyslipidemia and hypertension should be well controlled to minimize cardiovascular risk and promote better long-term outcomes.