Aqueous, Butanolic, Ethanolic and N-hexane fractions of Leaves, Roots, Seeds and Stems of Cajanus cajan and Lycopersicon esculetum downregulated Ki67 and Multidrug resistance1 gene expressions in Ethidium Bromide-induced hepato-toxicity in rats

Abstract

Aims: Ethidium Bromide (EB) is an established mutagen/carcinogen. Increased levels of Ki67 and multidrug resistance1 gene (MDR1) are associated with abnormal cellular proliferation and drug resistance respectively. This study examined the effects of aqueous, butanolic, ethanolic and n-hexane fractions of leaves, roots, seeds and stems of Cajanus cajan (CC) and Lycopersicon esculetum (LE) on levels of Ki67 and MDR1 in EB-induced hepato-toxicity in rats.
Methods: 115 adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 23 groups (n = 5). 0.5mls of EB solution (0.5g/100mls of ethanol) was applied to scraped ventral skin area of rats. Groups 1 and 2 were treated with Normal Saline and 40mg of Tamsulosin Hydrochloride respectively. Groups 3-11 were treated with 40mg/kg bodyweight of fractions of CC. Groups 12-23 were treated with 40mg/kg bodyweight of fractions of LE. Drugs/extracts were orally administered for 4 weeks. Liver histo-pathology (Heamatoxyline and Eosin technique) and ELISA analyses of Ki67 and MDR1 concentrations were evaluated. Computed data were statistically analysed. Study/analysis was conducted in 2019/2020.
Results: Histo-pathological evaluations revealed normal liver histo-architectures in all Groups. Results showed statistically non-significant lower mean levels (P>0.05) of Ki67 in Groups 3, 5, 6, 8, 10, 13, 14 and 21, compared with Group 1. Analyses showed statistically non-significant lower mean levels (P>0.05) of MDR1 in Groups 5, 6, 9, 10 and 21, compared with Group 1. Therefore, post-treatments with extracts of CC and LE ameliorated EB-induced increased proliferation and drug resistance in rats.
Conclusion: CC and LE possess anti-proliferation, anti-drug resistance and anticancer potentials.