Skin Changes in Pregnancy: A Prospective Observational Study

Abstract

Background: Pregnancy is associated with profound hormonal, metabolic, immunological, and vascular changes that lead to various physiological and pathological cutaneous manifestations. Although most skin changes are benign and self-limiting, some pregnancy-specific dermatoses may cause significant maternal discomfort and fetal risk.

Objectives: To determine the incidence and pattern of physiological skin changes and pregnancy-specific dermatoses among pregnant women.

Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Obstetrics and Gynecology outpatient department of Nirmala Hospital and Research Center, Jaipur, from February 2020 to October 2025. A total of 960 pregnant women were evaluated through detailed history taking and complete dermatological examination. Women with pre-existing dermatoses were excluded. Findings were categorized into physiological skin changes and specific dermatoses of pregnancy.

Results: Out of 960 participants, 536 were primigravida and 424 multigravida. Physiological skin changes were observed in the majority of women, with hyperpigmentation being the most common manifestation. Pregnancy-specific dermatoses were seen in a smaller proportion, with pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy (PUPPP) being the most frequent condition.

Conclusion: Skin changes are extremely common during pregnancy, predominantly physiological in nature. Awareness of these manifestations helps differentiate benign changes from pathological dermatoses, enabling appropriate counseling and management.