Pattern of Musculoskeletal Congenital Anomalies in Newborns: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Congenital anomalies are important contributors to neonatal morbidity and mortality, with musculoskeletal abnormalities constituting a substantial proportion of structural birth defects. Early recognition facilitates appropriate evaluation, counselling, and timely intervention.

Objective: To determine the pattern of musculoskeletal congenital anomalies among newborns and assess congenital anomalies in relation to relevant maternal and perinatal factors.

Methods: This observational, cross-sectional analytical study included 1,500 newborns delivered at Mahavir Institute of Medical Sciences, Vikarabad from 2023-2025. All newborns were examined for congenital anomalies soon after birth and within 72 hours. Newborns with detected abnormalities underwent detailed clinical evaluation and relevant investigations. Maternal, antenatal, and perinatal factors were recorded.

Results: Congenital anomalies were identified in 148 of 1,500 newborns (9.9%). Musculoskeletal anomalies constituted the most frequently involved system, affecting 48 (32.4%) newborns with congenital anomalies. Among these 48 cases, clubfoot was the most frequent abnormality (22; 45.8%), followed by polydactyly (16; 33.3%) and syndactyly (10; 20.8%).

Conclusion: Musculoskeletal anomalies constituted the predominant group of congenital abnormalities, with clubfoot being the most frequent manifestation. Systematic neonatal examination can facilitate early identification and appropriate management.