A Case-Control Study on Risk Factors for Early Dental Implant Failure in  Smokers and Non-Smokers

Awais Hussain, Usman Manzoor Warraich, Maha Maqbool, Ahmad Danyal, Mehreen Khaliq, Taif Ahmad

A Case-Control Study on Risk Factors for Early Dental Implant Failure in Smokers and Non-Smokers

Authors

Awais Hussain, Usman Manzoor Warraich, Maha Maqbool, Ahmad Danyal, Mehreen Khaliq, Taif Ahmad

Keywords:

Dental implant failure; smoking; peri-implant inflammation; interleukin-1β; bone quality

Abstract

A case-control study evaluated risk factors associated with early dental implant failure in smokersversus non-smokers. Seventy patients with early failure (implant loss or mobility within 12months) were matched by age and implant site to 140 controls with successful implants at 12months. Baseline data included smoking status

References

AlQahtani, D., & AlQahtani, F. (2022). Influence of smoking on dental implant outcomes: A meta-analysis. Journal of Implant Dentistry, 31(2), 54–60.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10006-022-00432-1

Arora, P., & Mathur, A. (2021). Peri-implant cytokine profiles and early implant failure. Clinical Oral Investigations, 25(5), 2847–2855. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-02103840-7

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Published

2025-08-25

How to Cite

Awais Hussain, Usman Manzoor Warraich, Maha Maqbool, Ahmad Danyal, Mehreen Khaliq, Taif Ahmad. (2025). A Case-Control Study on Risk Factors for Early Dental Implant Failure in Smokers and Non-Smokers . International Journal of Pharmacy Research & Technology (IJPRT), 15(2), 1517–1524. Retrieved from https://www.ijprt.org/index.php/pub/article/view/920