Severity of Cad and Duration of Diabetes in Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus, including prediabetes, links to a higher risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). The longer the illness lasts and the worse blood sugar control, the more complex and widespread coronary problems become. Research using tools like the Gensini score and coronary CT scans shows that high blood sugar over time, insulin resistance, age, and gender all play a big role in how CAD gets worse. New markers (hs-CRP, NT-proBNP) and imaging methods (CCTA, EAT checks) help predict risk better.

Objective: Investigating the relationship between diabetes duration and the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients undergoing coronary angiography Study design: Cross-sectional observational study Duration and place of study: This study was conducted in Peoples University of Medical and Health Sciences for Women Shaheed Benazirabad Nawabshah February 2024 to February 2025

Methodology: Researchers conducted this cross-sectional study in the Cardiology Department. They included 240 patients between 40 and 70 years old who had type 2 diabetes for 5 years or more. The main participants for this study were people who had a history of high blood pressure, were either smokers, or had a history of smoking as well as dyslipidemia. All patients taken for this study were preparing to undergo a coronary angiography, the results of which coupled with Gensini scores were used to establish and study the link between the severity of coronary artery disease and patients that suffer from chronic diabetes. Extensive statistical analyses were being done to understand this connection. The control group for this study was limited to various factors which included the age and gender of the participants, as well as their reported hypertension and dyslipidemia. Their smoking status was also taken into consideration.

Results: The control group for this study consisted of 240 participants that were diagnosed with diabetes at least 5 years ago. The study was age restrictive, hence participants in the control group were all between 40 and 70 years of age. This study observed that there exists an established connection between the length of chronic diabetes and a higher Gensini score, at r = 0.65. This study includes multiple regression analysis to understand the correlation between the duration of diabetes with high Gensini scores. This was coupled with patients diagnosed with hypertension and dyslipidemia.

Conclusion: This study has quantitatively established that there exists a significant link between the length of a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, and the more severe the risk of a chronically diabetic patient suffering from coronary artery disease (CAD).