Clinical Profile and Treatment Outcomes of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease among Reproductive-Age Women: A Comparative Observational Study

Abstract

Background:  Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a major gynecological disorder affecting women of reproductive age and is associated with significant short-term and long-term reproductive morbidity. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are essential to prevent complications such as infertility, chronic pelvic pain, and ectopic pregnancy.

Aim: To evaluate and compare the clinical profile and treatment outcomes of pelvic inflammatory disease among reproductive-age women.

Materials and Methods: This hospital-based comparative observational study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of a tertiary care hospital over a period of one year. A total of 100 women aged 18–45 years diagnosed with PID were included in the study. Participants were divided into two groups: Group A comprising women with mild to moderate PID and Group B comprising women with severe PID requiring hospitalization. Detailed history, clinical examination, laboratory investigations, and ultrasonographic findings were recorded. Treatment outcomes including symptom resolution, duration of hospital stay, complications, and recurrence were assessed. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.0, and a p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: The majority of participants belonged to the 26–35 years age group. Lower abdominal pain was the most common presenting complaint. Fever, cervical motion tenderness, elevated inflammatory markers, adnexal masses, and tubo-ovarian abscesses were significantly more common among women with severe PID. Intravenous antibiotics and surgical interventions were more frequently required in severe cases. Complete symptom resolution was observed in 92% of Group A and 76% of Group B participants. Complications occurred predominantly among severe PID cases.

Conclusion: Severe PID is associated with increased morbidity, prolonged hospitalization, and poorer treatment outcomes. Early recognition and timely management can significantly improve clinical outcomes and reduce complications.