Metabolic Syndrome Components and Their Influence on Surgical Outcomes in Women with Benign Uterine Conditions

Abstract

Background: Benign uterine conditions such as fibroids, adenomyosis, and abnormal uterine bleeding frequently require surgical intervention. However, the influence of metabolic syndrome a cluster of obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia on surgical outcomes remains insufficiently explored.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of metabolic syndrome and its individual components on surgical outcomes in women undergoing surgery for benign uterine conditions.

Methods: This cross-sectional clinical study was conducted at Institute DHO Thatta, Thatta, Pakistan, and POF Hospital Wah Cantt, Pakistan from June 2024 to May 2025. A total of 120 women aged 30–60 years undergoing hysterectomy or myomectomy were included using consecutive sampling. Patients were categorized into metabolic syndrome and non-metabolic syndrome groups based on NCEP ATP III criteria. Surgical outcomes assessed included operative time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative complications, and length of hospital stay. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26, with p ≤ 0.05 considered significant.

Results: Metabolic syndrome was present in 46.7% of patients. Women with metabolic syndrome had significantly prolonged operative time (118.4 ± 21.6 vs 92.3 ± 16.8 minutes, p < 0.001), increased blood loss (335 ± 85 vs 255 ± 70 ml, p = 0.002), higher postoperative complications (30.4% vs 14.1%, p = 0.03), and longer hospital stay (5.4 ± 1.2 vs 3.9 ± 1.0 days, p < 0.001). Obesity and diabetes mellitus were identified as independent predictors of adverse outcomes.

Conclusion: Metabolic syndrome significantly worsens surgical outcomes in women with benign uterine conditions. Preoperative identification and optimization of metabolic risk factors may improve surgical safety and patient recovery.