Study of Serum Electrolyte Abnormalities in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Abstract

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a long-term illness that becomes worse over time and causes the kidneys to stop working properly, which throws off the balance of fluids, electrolytes, and acid-base. People with CKD often have electrolyte problems such hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, and hypocalcaemia, which can make them more likely to get sick and die. For good care of CKD patients, it is important to keep an eye on these problems.

Aim: To study serum electrolyte abnormalities in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Materials and Methods: The Department of Physiology at Jaipur National University in Rajasthan did a cross-sectional observational study in a hospital. The study comprised 100 participants who had been diagnosed with chronic renal disease. They wrote down information on the person's age and gender. We took blood samples in a clean environment and used standard biochemical methods to assess the amounts of sodium, potassium, and calcium in the serum. We used the right statistical tools to look at the data we collected. We thought that p values less than 0.05 were statistically significant.

Results: Most of the patients (27%) were between the ages of 51 and 60. There were 62% males and 38% females in the study group. Forty-four percent of the patients had hyponatremia, forty-one percent had normal sodium levels, and fifteen percent had hypernatremia. Forty-two percent of the patients had hyperkalaemia, while forty-six percent had normal potassium levels and twelve percent had hypokalaemia. Hypocalcaemia was the most frequent calcium problem, seen in 53% of patients. 37% had normal calcium levels, and 10% had hypercalcemia.

Conclusion: Most of the patients (27%) were between the ages of 51 and 60. There were 62% men and 38% women in the study. There were 44% of patients with hyponatremia, 41% with normal sodium levels, and 15% with hypernatremia. Forty-two percent of patients had hyperkalaemia, whereas forty-six percent had normal potassium levels and twelve percent had hypokalaemia. Hypocalcemia was the predominant calcium anomaly, identified in 53% of patients, whereas 37% exhibited normal calcium levels and 10% presented with hypercalcemia.