Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Correlation between Ki67, a Tumor Marker and Various Stages in Terms of age Groups

Hoor Fatima; Zaheer Amjad; Sidra Binte Saleem; Ashhad Mazhar Siddiqi; Afsheen Khan; Ghulam Mustafa

Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Correlation between Ki67, a Tumor Marker and Various Stages in Terms of age Groups

Authors

Hoor Fatima Associate professor Biochemistry, Shaheed Mohatama Benazir Bhutto Medical College Liyari.
Zaheer Amjad Associate Professor Anatomy, Dow International Medical College.
Sidra Binte Saleem Assistant professor Physiology, Indus Medical College Tando Mohammad Khan.
Ashhad Mazhar Siddiqi Assistant professor of Anatomy, Dow Medical College, Karachi.
Afsheen Khan Assistant professor anatomy, Shaheed Mohatrama Benazir Bhutto medical college.
Ghulam Mustafa Professor oncology, JPMC Karachi.

Keywords:

Breast cancer, Metastasis, Stages, KI 67.

Abstract

Breast cancer is common most malignancy in multipara, premenopausal women The antigen Ki-67 plays important role in evaluating this condition biochemically. Being expressed in all phases of cell cycle (S, G1, G2, M) except GO.

METHODS: This cross-sectional design of the observational research on 283 patients was arranged and executed at JPMC (Jinah Postgraduate Medical Center). The hormone receptor status staging is done with immune-histochemical (IHC) staining. Ki-67, the nuclear antigen was assessed quantitatively as well as visually way using light microscopes.

Result: Most Cases belonged to stage -4 of the breast cancer followed by Stage -2 and stage-3. The biomarker KI 67 was more positive in 3rd and 4th stages.

Conclusions: Biological markers are good parameters to assess the progression of the breast cancer.

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Published

2026-02-23

How to Cite

Hoor Fatima, Zaheer Amjad, Sidra Binte Saleem, Ashhad Mazhar Siddiqi, Afsheen Khan, & Ghulam Mustafa. (2026). Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Correlation between Ki67, a Tumor Marker and Various Stages in Terms of age Groups. International Journal of Pharmacy Research & Technology (IJPRT), 16(1), 643–646. Retrieved from https://www.ijprt.org/index.php/pub/article/view/1548