Lifestyle Modification on Glycemic Control and Cognitive Function among Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Abstract

ACT Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, leading to significant morbidity and mortality if poorly managed. Patient awareness regarding glycemic control, potential complications, and necessary lifestyle modifications is a cornerstone of effective self-management.

Objective: To assess the level of awareness concerning glycemic targets, chronic complications, and lifestyle modifications diabetes patients.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 94 individuals with diagnosed diabetes mellitus. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire covering demographics, knowledge of glycemic control (including target HbA1c and blood glucose levels), awareness of diabetes-related complications (microvascular and macrovascular), and practices related to lifestyle modifications (diet, exercise, self-monitoring).

Results: The mean age of participants was 56.4 ± 10.2 years. Only 41.5% (n=39) could correctly state the target HbA1c level (<7%). Awareness of complications varied: 87.2% (n=82) were aware of retinal complications, 76.6% (n=72) of nephropathy, but only 58.5% (n=55) of neuropathy, and 61.7% (n=58) of cardiovascular risks. Regarding lifestyle, 91.5% (n=86) acknowledged the importance of dietary control, but only 63.8% (n=60) reported following a structured meal plan. Regular physical activity was practiced by 57.4% (n=54). Significant knowledge gaps were associated with lower education levels and shorter duration since diagnosis.

Conclusion: While basic awareness of diabetes exists, critical gaps remain in the knowledge of precise glycemic targets and specific complications, particularly neuropathy and macrovascular risks. Lifestyle modification practices are suboptimal. These findings underscore the need for intensified, structured, and repetitive patient education programs tailored to address these deficiencies.