Clinical Profile and Surgical Outcomes of Inguinal and Femoral Hernias: A Prospective Observational Study from a Tertiary Care Centre in India

Abstract

Introduction: Groin hernias are a common surgical condition, with inguinal hernias being the most prevalent and femoral hernias less frequent but clinically more urgent. Understanding the demographic profile, clinical presentation, and outcomes of hernia repair is essential for optimizing surgical management. Aim: To evaluate the clinical characteristics, management strategies, and postoperative outcomes of patients undergoing surgical repair for inguinal and femoral hernias at a tertiary care center. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on 100 patients diagnosed with inguinal or femoral hernias. Data on age, sex, hernia type, laterality, risk factors, clinical presentation, surgical approach (elective vs emergency), and postoperative complications were collected using a structured proforma. All patients underwent open hernia repair. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. Results: The majority of patients (70%) were aged 51–70 years, with right-sided inguinal hernias being most common (48%). Femoral hernias accounted for 4% of cases and were exclusively bilateral. Most hernias were reducible (85%), and elective surgery was performed in 94% of cases. Emergency surgery was required in 6%, predominantly for femoral hernias. Postoperative complications included surgical site infection (4%) and cord oedema (3%), with no anastomotic leaks reported. Overall, 93% of patients had uneventful recoveries. Conclusion: Inguinal hernias are more prevalent and typically managed electively with favorable outcomes. Femoral hernias, though rare, are associated with emergency presentation and higher complication rates. Early diagnosis and timely surgical intervention are critical to reducing morbidity and improving patient outcomes.