Serum Magnesium Levels and Its Relationship with Immediate Outcome in Patients with Non-St Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Abstract

Non ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) is a major subset of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), with significant early morbidity. Magnesium is important for myocardial electrical stability, calcium regulation, and vascular tone. Altered serum magnesium levels during acute ischemia may influence early clinical outcomes. Data relating serum magnesium levels to immediate in-hospital complications in NSTEMI are limited.

Objectives 1.To estimate serum magnesium levels in patients with NSTEMI. 2. To assess association between admission serum magnesium levels and early in-hospital outcomes including arrhythmia, recurrent angina, cardiac failure, prolonged hospital stay, and mortality.

Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 patients with NSTEMI. Serum magnesium levels at admission were categorized as hypomagnesemia (<1.8 mg/dL), normomagnesemia (1.8–2.3 mg/dL), and hypermagnesemia (>2.3 mg/dL). In-hospital complications were monitored. Statistical analysis was carried out with p < 0.05 considered significant.

Results: Among 200 patients, 56.5% were males. Mean serum magnesium was 1.87 ± 0.22 mg/dL. 32.5% of patients had hypomagnesemia, 65% had normomagnesemia, and 2.5% had hypermagnesemia. Patients with arrhythmia had significantly lower mean magnesium levels (p = 0.002). Cardiac failure (p = 0.025), recurrent angina (p < 0.001) and prolonged hospital stay (p = 0.001) were significantly associated with hypomagnesemia. Mortality was higher in patients with hypomagnesemia, with no statistical significance (p = 0.283).

Conclusion: Admission hypomagnesemia was significantly associated with immediate in-hospital complications in NSTEMI. Routine magnesium estimation may aid in early risk stratification. Further prospective studies are required to establish causal relationships.